Dadas tres variables, a, b y c, intercámbielas sin variable temporal.
Ejemplo :
Input : a = 10, b = 20 and c = 30 Output : a = 30, b = 10 and c = 20
Método 1 (usando operadores aritméticos)
La idea es obtener la suma en uno de los dos números dados. Luego, los números se pueden intercambiar usando la suma y la resta de la suma.
Ya hemos discutido el intercambio de dos variables aquí . Podemos extender los mismos enfoques
C++
// C++ program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value to b and
// b's value to c.
void swapThree(int &a, int &b, int &c)
{
// Store sum of all in a
a = a + b + c; // (a = 60)
// After this, b has value of a
b = a - (b+c); // (b = 60 – (20+30) =10)
// After this, c has value of b
c = a - (b+c); // (c = 60 – (10 + 30) = 20)
// After this, a has value of c
a = a - (b+c); //(a = 60 – (10 + 20) = 30)
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
cout << "Before swapping a = " << a << ", b = "
<< b << ", c = " << c << endl;
swapThree(a, b, c);
cout << "After swapping a = " << a << ", b = "
<< b << ", c = " << c << endl;
return 0;
}
Java
// Java program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
class GFG
{
static int a, b, c;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
static void swapThree()
{
// Store sum of all in a
// (a = 60)
a = a + b + c;
// After this, b has value of a
// (b = 60 - (20 + 30) = 10)
b = a - (b + c);
// After this, c has value of b
// (c = 60 - (10 + 30) = 20)
c = a - (b + c);
// After this, a has value of c
// (a = 60 - (10 + 20) = 30)
a = a - (b + c);
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String []args)
{
a = 10; b = 20; c = 30;
System.out.println("Before swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree();
System.out.println("After swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
}
}
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992
Python3
# python 3 program to swap three variables
# without using temporary variable.
# Assign c's value to a, a's value to b and
# b's value to c.
def swapThree(a, b, c):
# Store sum of all in a
a = a + b + c # (a = 60)
# After this, b has value of a
b = a - (b+c) # (b = 60 – (20+30) =10)
# After this, c has value of b
c = a - (b+c) # (c = 60 – (10 + 30) = 20)
# After this, a has value of c
a = a - (b+c) #(a = 60 – (10 + 20) = 30)
print("After swapping a =",a,", b =",b,", c =",c)
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = 10
b = 20
c = 30
print("Before swapping a =",a,", b =",b,", c =",c)
swapThree(a, b, c)
# This code is contributed by
# Surendra_Gangwar
C#
// C# program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
using System;
class GFG
{
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
static void swapThree(ref int a,
ref int b,
ref int c)
{
// Store sum of all in a
// (a = 60)
a = a + b + c;
// After this, b has value of a
// (b = 60 – (20 + 30) = 10)
b = a - (b + c);
// After this, c has value of b
// (c = 60 – (10 + 30) = 20)
c = a - (b + c);
// After this, a has value of c
// (a = 60 – (10 + 20) = 30)
a = a - (b + c);
}
// Driver Code
static void Main(String []args)
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
Console.WriteLine("Before swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree(ref a, ref b,ref c);
Console.Write("After swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Sam007.
PHP
<?php
// PHP program to swap three
// variables without using
// temporary variable.
// Assign c's value to a,
// a's value to b and
// b's value to c.
function swapThree(&$a, &$b, &$c)
{
// Store sum of all in a
$a = $a + $b + $c; // (a = 60)
// After this, b has value of a
// (b = 60 – (20+30) =10)
$b = $a - ($b + $c);
// After this, c has value of b
// (c = 60 – (10 + 30) = 20)
$c = $a - ($b + $c);
// After this, a has value of c
//(a = 60 – (10 + 20) = 30)
$a = $a - ($b + $c);
}
// Driver Code
$a = 10; $b = 20; $c = 30;
echo "Before swapping a = " , $a ,
", b = ", $b , ", c = " ,
$c ,"\n";
swapThree($a, $b, $c);
echo "After swapping a = ",$a ,
", b = ", $b ,
", c = ", $c , "\n";
// This code is contributed by ajit
?>
Javascript
<script>
// javascript program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
let a, b, c;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
function swapThree()
{
// Store sum of all in a
// (a = 60)
a = a + b + c;
// After this, b has value of a
// (b = 60 - (20 + 30) = 10)
b = a - (b + c);
// After this, c has value of b
// (c = 60 - (10 + 30) = 20)
c = a - (b + c);
// After this, a has value of c
// (a = 60 - (10 + 20) = 30)
a = a - (b + c);
}
// Driver Code
a = 10; b = 20; c = 30;
document.write("Before swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree();
document.write("<br>After swapping a = " +
a + ", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
// This code contributed by Princi Singh
</script>
Producción :
Before swapping a = 10, b = 20, c = 30 After swapping a = 30, b = 10, c = 20
Complejidad de tiempo: O(1)
Espacio Auxiliar: O(1)
Gracias a Mazhar MIK por sugerir este método.
Método 2 (usando XOR bit a bit)
El operador XOR bit a bit se puede usar para intercambiar tres variables. La idea es similar al método 1. Primero almacenamos XOR de todos los números en ‘a’. Luego obtenemos números individuales haciendo XOR de esto con otros dos números.
C++
// C++ program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value to b and
// b's value to c.
void swapThree(int &a, int &b, int &c)
{
// Store XOR of all in a
a = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, b has value of a
b = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, c has value of b
c = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, a has value of c
a = a ^ b ^ c;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
cout << "Before swapping a = " << a << ", b = "
<< b << ", c = " << c << endl;
swapThree(a, b, c);
cout << "After swapping a = " << a << ", b = "
<< b << ", c = " << c << endl;
return 0;
}
Java
// Java program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
class GFG
{
static int a, b, c;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
static void swapThree()
{
// Store XOR of all in a
a = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, b has value of a
b = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, c has value of b
c = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, a has value of c
a = a ^ b ^ c;
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
a = 10;
b = 20;
c = 30;
System.out.println("Before swapping a = " + a +
", b = " + b + ",c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree();
System.out.println("After swapping a = " + a +
", b = " + b + ", c = " + c);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji
Python3
# Python program to swap three variables
# without using temporary variable
# Assign c's value to a, a's value to b and
# b's value to c.
def swapThree(a, b, c) :
# Store XOR of all in a
a[0] = a[0] ^ b[0] ^ c[0]
# After this, b has value of a[0]
b[0] = a[0] ^ b[0] ^ c[0]
# After this, c has value of b
c[0] = a[0] ^ b[0] ^ c[0]
# After this, a[0] has value of c
a[0] = a[0] ^ b[0] ^ c[0]
# Driver code
a, b, c = [10], [20], [30]
print("Before swapping a = ", a[0],
", b = ", b[0], ", c = ", c[0])
swapThree(a, b, c)
print("After swapping a = ", a[0],
", b = ", b[0], ", c = ", c[0])
# This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10
C#
// C# program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
using System;
class GFG
{
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
static void swapThree(ref int a,
ref int b,
ref int c)
{
// Store XOR of all in a
a = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, b has value of a
b = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, c has value of b
c = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, a has value of c
a = a ^ b ^ c;
}
// Driver Code
static void Main(String []args)
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
Console.WriteLine( "Before swapping a = " +
a +", b = " + b +
",c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree(ref a, ref b,ref c);
Console.Write("After swapping a = " +
a +", b = " + b +
", c = " + c);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Sam007.
PHP
<?php
//PHP program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable
// Assign c's value to a, a's value to b and
// b's value to c.
function swapThree(&$a, &$b, &$c)
{
// Store XOR of all in a
$a = $a ^ $b ^ $c;
// After this, b has value of a
$b = $a ^ $b ^ $c;
// After this, c has value of b
$c = $a ^ $b ^ $c;
// After this, a has value of c
$a = $a ^ $b ^ $c;
}
// Driver code
$a = 10; $b = 20; $c = 30;
echo "Before swapping a = " , $a , ", b = ",
$b , ", c = " , $c ,"\n";
swapThree($a, $b, $c);
echo "After swapping a = ", $a , ", b = ",
$b , ", c = " , $c ,"\n";
#This code is contributed by ajit
?>
Javascript
<script>
// javascript program to swap three variables
// without using temporary variable.
var a, b, c;
// Assign c's value to a, a's value
// to b and b's value to c.
function swapThree()
{
// Store XOR of all in a
a = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, b has value of a
b = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, c has value of b
c = a ^ b ^ c;
// After this, a has value of c
a = a ^ b ^ c;
}
// Driver Code
a = 10;
b = 20;
c = 30;
document.write("Before swapping a = " + a +
", b = " + b + ", c = " + c);
// Calling Function
swapThree();
document.write("<br>")
document.write("After swapping a = " + a +
", b = " + b + ", c = " + c);
// This code contributed by Princi Singh
</script>
Producción:
Before swapping a = 10, b = 20, c = 30 After swapping a = 30, b = 10, c = 20
Complejidad de tiempo: O(1)
Espacio Auxiliar: O(1)
El método 1 provoca un desbordamiento para valores grandes de a, b y c, mientras que el método 2 no lo hace.
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Artículo escrito por GeeksforGeeks-1 y traducido por Barcelona Geeks. The original can be accessed here. Licence: CCBY-SA