Dada una array arr[] de tamaño n. Tres elementos arr[i], arr[j] y arr[k] forman una inversión de tamaño 3 si a[i] > a[j] >a[k] e i < j < k. Encuentre el número total de inversiones de tamaño 3.
Ejemplo :
Input: {8, 4, 2, 1}
Output: 4
The four inversions are (8,4,2), (8,4,1), (4,2,1) and (8,2,1).
Input: {9, 6, 4, 5, 8}
Output: 2
The two inversions are {9, 6, 4} and {9, 6, 5}
Ya hemos discutido el conteo de inversión del tamaño dos por ordenación por fusión , Self Balancing BST y BIT .
Enfoque simple: realice un bucle para todos los valores posibles de i, j y k y verifique la condición a[i] > a[j] > a[k] e i < j < k.
C++
// A Simple C++ O(n^3) program to count inversions of size 3
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Returns counts of inversions of size three
int getInvCount(int arr[],int n)
{
int invcount = 0; // Initialize result
for (int i=0; i<n-2; i++)
{
for (int j=i+1; j<n-1; j++)
{
if (arr[i]>arr[j])
{
for (int k=j+1; k<n; k++)
{
if (arr[j]>arr[k])
invcount++;
}
}
}
}
return invcount;
}
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
int arr[] = {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
cout << "Inversion Count : " << getInvCount(arr, n);
return 0;
}
Java
// A simple Java implementation to count inversion of size 3
class Inversion{
// returns count of inversion of size 3
int getInvCount(int arr[], int n)
{
int invcount = 0; // initialize result
for(int i=0 ; i< n-2; i++)
{
for(int j=i+1; j<n-1; j++)
{
if(arr[i] > arr[j])
{
for(int k=j+1; k<n; k++)
{
if(arr[j] > arr[k])
invcount++;
}
}
}
}
return invcount;
}
// driver program to test above function
public static void main(String args[])
{
Inversion inversion = new Inversion();
int arr[] = new int[] {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = arr.length;
System.out.print("Inversion count : " +
inversion.getInvCount(arr, n));
}
}
// This code is contributed by Mayank Jaiswal
Python3
# A simple python O(n^3) program
# to count inversions of size 3
# Returns counts of inversions
# of size threee
def getInvCount(arr):
n = len(arr)
invcount = 0 #Initialize result
for i in range(0,n-1):
for j in range(i+1 , n):
if arr[i] > arr[j]:
for k in range(j+1 , n):
if arr[j] > arr[k]:
invcount += 1
return invcount
# Driver program to test above function
arr = [8 , 4, 2 , 1]
print ("Inversion Count : %d" %(getInvCount(arr)))
# This code is contributed by Nikhil Kumar Singh(nickzuck_007)
C#
// A simple C# implementation to
// count inversion of size 3
using System;
class GFG {
// returns count of inversion of size 3
static int getInvCount(int []arr, int n)
{
// initialize result
int invcount = 0;
for(int i = 0 ; i < n - 2; i++)
{
for(int j = i + 1; j < n - 1; j++)
{
if(arr[i] > arr[j])
{
for(int k = j + 1; k < n; k++)
{
if(arr[j] > arr[k])
invcount++;
}
}
}
}
return invcount;
}
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
int []arr = new int[] {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = arr.Length;
Console.WriteLine("Inversion count : " +
getInvCount(arr, n));
}
}
// This code is contributed by anuj_67.
PHP
<?php
// A O(n^2) PHP program to
// count inversions of size 3
// Returns count of
// inversions of size 3
function getInvCount($arr, $n)
{
// Initialize result
$invcount = 0;
for ($i = 1; $i < $n - 1; $i++)
{
// Count all smaller elements
// on right of arr[i]
$small = 0;
for($j = $i + 1; $j < $n; $j++)
if ($arr[$i] > $arr[$j])
$small++;
// Count all greater elements
// on left of arr[i]
$great = 0;
for($j = $i - 1; $j >= 0; $j--)
if ($arr[$i] < $arr[$j])
$great++;
// Update inversion count by
// adding all inversions
// that have arr[i] as
// middle of three elements
$invcount += $great * $small;
}
return $invcount;
}
// Driver Code
$arr = array(8, 4, 2, 1);
$n = sizeof($arr);
echo "Inversion Count : "
, getInvCount($arr, $n);
// This code is contributed m_kit
?>
Javascript
<script>
// A simple Javascript implementation to count inversion of size 3
// returns count of inversion of size 3
function getInvCount(arr, n)
{
let invcount = 0; // initialize result
for(let i = 0 ; i < n - 2; i++)
{
for(let j = i + 1; j < n - 1; j++)
{
if(arr[i] > arr[j])
{
for(let k = j + 1; k < n; k++)
{
if(arr[j] > arr[k])
invcount++;
}
}
}
}
return invcount;
}
// driver program to test above function
let arr = [8, 4, 2, 1];
let n = arr.length;
document.write("Inversion count : " +
getInvCount(arr, n));
// This code is contributed by rag2127
</script>
Producción
Inversion Count : 4
Complejidad temporal: O(n^3)
Espacio auxiliar: O(1).
Mejor enfoque:
Podemos reducir la complejidad si consideramos cada elemento arr[i] como elemento medio de inversión, encontramos todos los números mayores que a[i] cuyo índice es menor que i, encontramos todos los números que son menores que a[i] y el índice es mayor que i. Multiplicamos el número de elementos mayores que a[i] por el número de elementos menores que a[i] y lo sumamos al resultado.
A continuación se muestra la implementación de la idea.
C++
// A O(n^2) C++ program to count inversions of size 3
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Returns count of inversions of size 3
int getInvCount(int arr[], int n)
{
int invcount = 0; // Initialize result
for (int i=1; i<n-1; i++)
{
// Count all smaller elements on right of arr[i]
int small = 0;
for (int j=i+1; j<n; j++)
if (arr[i] > arr[j])
small++;
// Count all greater elements on left of arr[i]
int great = 0;
for (int j=i-1; j>=0; j--)
if (arr[i] < arr[j])
great++;
// Update inversion count by adding all inversions
// that have arr[i] as middle of three elements
invcount += great*small;
}
return invcount;
}
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
int arr[] = {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
cout << "Inversion Count : " << getInvCount(arr, n);
return 0;
}
Java
// A O(n^2) Java program to count inversions of size 3
class Inversion {
// returns count of inversion of size 3
int getInvCount(int arr[], int n)
{
int invcount = 0; // initialize result
for (int i=0 ; i< n-1; i++)
{
// count all smaller elements on right of arr[i]
int small=0;
for (int j=i+1; j<n; j++)
if (arr[i] > arr[j])
small++;
// count all greater elements on left of arr[i]
int great = 0;
for (int j=i-1; j>=0; j--)
if (arr[i] < arr[j])
great++;
// update inversion count by adding all inversions
// that have arr[i] as middle of three elements
invcount += great*small;
}
return invcount;
}
// driver program to test above function
public static void main(String args[])
{
Inversion inversion = new Inversion();
int arr[] = new int[] {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = arr.length;
System.out.print("Inversion count : " +
inversion.getInvCount(arr, n));
}
}
// This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal
Python3
# A O(n^2) Python3 program to
# count inversions of size 3
# Returns count of inversions
# of size 3
def getInvCount(arr, n):
# Initialize result
invcount = 0
for i in range(1,n-1):
# Count all smaller elements
# on right of arr[i]
small = 0
for j in range(i+1 ,n):
if (arr[i] > arr[j]):
small+=1
# Count all greater elements
# on left of arr[i]
great = 0;
for j in range(i-1,-1,-1):
if (arr[i] < arr[j]):
great+=1
# Update inversion count by
# adding all inversions that
# have arr[i] as middle of
# three elements
invcount += great * small
return invcount
# Driver program to test above function
arr = [8, 4, 2, 1]
n = len(arr)
print("Inversion Count :",getInvCount(arr, n))
# This code is Contributed by Smitha Dinesh Semwal
C#
// A O(n^2) Java program to count inversions
// of size 3
using System;
public class Inversion {
// returns count of inversion of size 3
static int getInvCount(int []arr, int n)
{
int invcount = 0; // initialize result
for (int i = 0 ; i < n-1; i++)
{
// count all smaller elements on
// right of arr[i]
int small = 0;
for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++)
if (arr[i] > arr[j])
small++;
// count all greater elements on
// left of arr[i]
int great = 0;
for (int j = i-1; j >= 0; j--)
if (arr[i] < arr[j])
great++;
// update inversion count by
// adding all inversions that
// have arr[i] as middle of
// three elements
invcount += great * small;
}
return invcount;
}
// driver program to test above function
public static void Main()
{
int []arr = new int[] {8, 4, 2, 1};
int n = arr.Length;
Console.WriteLine("Inversion count : "
+ getInvCount(arr, n));
}
}
// This code has been contributed by anuj_67.
PHP
<?php
// A O(n^2) PHP program to count
// inversions of size 3
// Returns count of
// inversions of size 3
function getInvCount($arr, $n)
{
// Initialize result
$invcount = 0;
for ($i = 1; $i < $n - 1; $i++)
{
// Count all smaller elements
// on right of arr[i]
$small = 0;
for ($j = $i + 1; $j < $n; $j++)
if ($arr[$i] > $arr[$j])
$small++;
// Count all greater elements
// on left of arr[i]
$great = 0;
for ($j = $i - 1; $j >= 0; $j--)
if ($arr[$i] < $arr[$j])
$great++;
// Update inversion count by
// adding all inversions that
// have arr[i] as middle of
// three elements
$invcount += $great * $small;
}
return $invcount;
}
// Driver Code
$arr = array (8, 4, 2, 1);
$n = sizeof($arr);
echo "Inversion Count : " ,
getInvCount($arr, $n);
// This code is contributed by m_kit
?>
Javascript
<script>
// A O(n^2) Javascript program to count inversions of size 3
// returns count of inversion of size 3
function getInvCount(arr, n)
{
let invcount = 0; // initialize result
for (let i = 0 ; i < n - 1; i++)
{
// count all smaller elements on right of arr[i]
let small = 0;
for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
if (arr[i] > arr[j])
small++;
// count all greater elements on left of arr[i]
let great = 0;
for (let j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--)
if (arr[i] < arr[j])
great++;
// update inversion count by adding all inversions
// that have arr[i] as middle of three elements
invcount += great*small;
}
return invcount;
}
// driver program to test above function
let arr=[8, 4, 2, 1];
let n = arr.length;
document.write("Inversion count : " +getInvCount(arr, n));
// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
</script>
Producción
Inversion Count : 4
Complejidad de Tiempo: O(n^2)
Espacio Auxiliar: O(1).
Enfoque de árbol indexado binario:
Al igual que las inversiones de tamaño 2, podemos usar el árbol indexado binario para encontrar inversiones de tamaño 3. Se recomienda encarecidamente consultar primero el artículo a continuación.
Contar inversiones de tamaño dos Usando BIT
La idea es similar al método anterior. Contamos el número de elementos mayores y elementos menores para todos los elementos y luego multiplicamos mayor[] por menor[] y lo sumamos al resultado.
Solución :
- Para averiguar el número de elementos más pequeños para un índice iteramos de n-1 a 0. Para cada elemento a[i] calculamos la función getSum() para (a[i]-1) que da el número de elementos hasta a[i]-1.
- Para averiguar el número de elementos mayores para un índice, iteramos de 0 a n-1. Para cada elemento a[i] calculamos la suma de números hasta a[i] (suma menor o igual a a[i]) por getSum() y lo restamos de i (ya que i es el número total de elementos hasta ese punto ) para que podamos obtener un número de elementos mayor que a[i].
Publicación traducida automáticamente
Artículo escrito por GeeksforGeeks-1 y traducido por Barcelona Geeks. The original can be accessed here. Licence: CCBY-SA