Requisito previo: crear y escribir en una hoja de Excel
XlsxWriter es una biblioteca de Python con la que se pueden realizar múltiples operaciones en archivos de Excel, como crear, escribir, operaciones aritméticas y trazar gráficos. Veamos cómo trazar gráficos con diferentes tipos de herramientas de datos utilizando datos en tiempo real.
Los gráficos se componen de al menos una serie de uno o más puntos de datos. Las series en sí mismas se componen de referencias a rangos de celdas. Para trazar los gráficos en una hoja de Excel, en primer lugar, cree un objeto de gráfico de un tipo de gráfico específico (es decir, gráfico de líneas, etc.). Después de crear objetos de gráfico, inserte datos en él y, por último, agregue ese objeto de gráfico en el objeto de hoja.
Código n.º 1: Trace un gráfico con líneas de tendencia.
Para trazar este tipo de gráfico en una hoja de Excel, use el método add_series() con el argumento de palabra clave ‘trendline’ del objeto del gráfico.
Python3
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Example1_chart.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create italic format object
italic = workbook.add_format({'italic': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
Data1 = ['Subject', 'Mid Exam Score', 'End Exam Score']
Data2 = [
["Math", "Physics", "Computer", "Hindi", "English", "chemistry"],
[90, 78, 60, 80, 60, 90],
[45, 39, 30, 40, 30, 60]
]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', Data1, italic)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively
worksheet.write_column('A2', Data2[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', Data2[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', Data2[2])
# set the width of B and C column
worksheet.set_column('B:C', 15)
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a line chart object .
chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series.
# with a polynomial trendline.
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart1.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7',
'trendline': {
'type': 'polynomial',
'order': 2,
'line': {
'color': 'red',
'width': 2,
'dash_type': 'long_dash',
},
},
})
# Configure the second series with
# a moving average trendline.
chart1.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$C$2:$C$7',
'trendline': {'type': 'linear'},
'line': {
'color': 'red',
'width': 1,
},
})
# Add a chart title.
chart1.set_title({'name': 'Exam Score Distribution'})
# Add x-axis label
chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Subjects'})
# Add y-axis label
chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Marks'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart1.set_style(11)
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1,
{'x_offset': 20, 'y_offset': 5})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
Producción :
Código n.º 2: Trace un gráfico con etiquetas de datos y marcadores.
Para trazar este tipo de gráfico en una hoja de Excel, use el método add_series() con el argumento de palabra clave ‘data_labels’ y ‘marker’ del objeto del gráfico.
Python3
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Example2_chart.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create italic format object
italic = workbook.add_format({'italic': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
Data1 = ['Subject', 'Mid Exam Score', 'End Exam Score']
Data2 = [
["Math", "Physics", "Computer", "Hindi", "English", "chemistry"],
[90, 78, 60, 80, 60, 90],
[45, 39, 30, 40, 30, 60]
]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', Data1, italic)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively
worksheet.write_column('A2', Data2[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', Data2[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', Data2[2])
# set the width of B and C column
worksheet.set_column('B:C', 15)
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a line chart object .
chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series.
# with a data label and marker.
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart2.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7',
'data_labels': {'value': 1},
'marker': {'type': 'automatic'},
})
# Configure the second series with
# a moving average trendline.
chart2.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$C$2:$C$7',
})
# Add a chart title.
chart2.set_title({'name': 'Exam Score Distribution'})
# Add x-axis label
chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Subjects'})
# Add y-axis label
chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Marks'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart2.set_style(11)
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart2,
{'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
Producción :
Código #3: Traza un gráfico con barras de error.
Para trazar este tipo de gráfico en una hoja de Excel, use el método add_series() con el argumento de palabra clave ”y_error_bars’ del objeto del gráfico.
Python3
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Example3_chart.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create italic format object
italic = workbook.add_format({'italic': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
Data1 = ['Subject', 'Mid Exam Score', 'End Exam Score']
Data2 = [
["Math", "Physics", "Computer", "Hindi", "English", "chemistry"],
[95, 78, 80, 80, 60, 90],
[90, 50, 95, 60, 85, 99]
]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', Data1, italic)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively
worksheet.write_column('A2', Data2[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', Data2[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', Data2[2])
# set the width of B and C column
worksheet.set_column('B:C', 15)
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a line chart object .
chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series.
# with a error bars .
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart3.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7',
'y_error_bars': {'type': 'standard_error'},
})
# Configure the second series.
chart3.add_series({
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$C$2:$C$7',
})
# Add a chart title.
chart3.set_title({'name': 'Exam Score Distribution'})
# Add x-axis label
chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Subjects'})
# Add y-axis label
chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Marks'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart3.set_style(14)
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart3,
{'x_offset': 20, 'y_offset': 5})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
Producción :
