Requisito previo: crear y escribir en una hoja de Excel
XlsxWriter es una biblioteca de Python con la que se pueden realizar múltiples operaciones en archivos de Excel, como crear, escribir, operaciones aritméticas y trazar gráficos. Veamos cómo trazar un gráfico con rellenos de degradado, utilizando datos en tiempo real.
Los gráficos se componen de al menos una serie de uno o más puntos de datos. Las series en sí mismas se componen de referencias a rangos de celdas. Para trazar los gráficos en una hoja de Excel, en primer lugar, cree un objeto de gráfico de un tipo de gráfico específico (es decir, gráfico de columnas, etc.). Después de crear objetos de gráfico, inserte datos en ellos y, por último, agregue ese objeto de gráfico en el objeto de hoja.
Código n.º 1: Trace un gráfico con rellenos de degradado en las columnas.
Para trazar este tipo de gráfico en una hoja de Excel, use el método add_series() con el argumento de palabra clave ‘gradiente’ del objeto del gráfico.
Python3
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_gradient1.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create bold format object .
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']
data = [
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively .
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a column chart object
chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# Add a data series with Gradient to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series .
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$B$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7',
'gradient': {'colors': ['# 963735', '# F1DCDB']}
})
# Configure the second series, including a gradient.
chart.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$C$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$C$2:$C$7',
'gradient': {'colors': ['# E36C0A', '# FCEADA']}
})
# Add a chart title
chart.set_title ({'name': 'Chart With Gradient Fills'})
# Add x-axis label
chart.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
# Add y-axis label
chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# Turn off the chart legend.
chart.set_legend({'none': True})
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart,
{'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
Producción :
Código n.° 2: Trazar un gráfico con rellenos degradados en el área de trazado.
Para trazar este tipo de gráfico en una hoja de Excel, use el método set_plotarea() con el argumento de palabra clave ‘gradiente’ del objeto del gráfico.
Python3
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_gradient2.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create bold format object .
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']
data = [
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively .
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a column chart object
chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series .
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$B$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7',})
# Configure the second series.
chart.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$C$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$C$2:$C$7',})
# Set a gradient for the plotarea.
chart.set_plotarea({
'gradient': {'colors': ['# FFEFD1', '# F0EBD5', '# B69F66']}
})
# Add a chart title
chart.set_title ({'name': 'Chart With Gradient Fills on Plot Area'})
# Add x-axis label
chart.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
# Add y-axis label
chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# Turn off the chart legend.
chart.set_legend({'none': True})
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart,
{'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
Producción :
