Trazado de gráficos en Python | Serie 1

Esta serie lo introducirá a la creación de gráficos en python con Matplotlib , que posiblemente sea la biblioteca de visualización de datos y gráficos más popular para Python.
Instalación
La forma más fácil de instalar matplotlib es usar pip. Escriba el siguiente comando en la terminal: 
 

pip install matplotlib

O bien, puede descargarlo desde aquí e instalarlo manualmente. 
 

# importing the required module
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# x axis values
x = [1,2,3]
# corresponding y axis values
y = [2,4,1]
  
# plotting the points 
plt.plot(x, y)
  
# naming the x axis
plt.xlabel('x - axis')
# naming the y axis
plt.ylabel('y - axis')
  
# giving a title to my graph
plt.title('My first graph!')
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# line 1 points
x1 = [1,2,3]
y1 = [2,4,1]
# plotting the line 1 points 
plt.plot(x1, y1, label = "line 1")
  
# line 2 points
x2 = [1,2,3]
y2 = [4,1,3]
# plotting the line 2 points 
plt.plot(x2, y2, label = "line 2")
  
# naming the x axis
plt.xlabel('x - axis')
# naming the y axis
plt.ylabel('y - axis')
# giving a title to my graph
plt.title('Two lines on same graph!')
  
# show a legend on the plot
plt.legend()
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# x axis values
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
# corresponding y axis values
y = [2,4,1,5,2,6]
  
# plotting the points 
plt.plot(x, y, color='green', linestyle='dashed', linewidth = 3,
         marker='o', markerfacecolor='blue', markersize=12)
  
# setting x and y axis range
plt.ylim(1,8)
plt.xlim(1,8)
  
# naming the x axis
plt.xlabel('x - axis')
# naming the y axis
plt.ylabel('y - axis')
  
# giving a title to my graph
plt.title('Some cool customizations!')
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# x-coordinates of left sides of bars 
left = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  
# heights of bars
height = [10, 24, 36, 40, 5]
  
# labels for bars
tick_label = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']
  
# plotting a bar chart
plt.bar(left, height, tick_label = tick_label,
        width = 0.8, color = ['red', 'green'])
  
# naming the x-axis
plt.xlabel('x - axis')
# naming the y-axis
plt.ylabel('y - axis')
# plot title
plt.title('My bar chart!')
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# frequencies
ages = [2,5,70,40,30,45,50,45,43,40,44,
        60,7,13,57,18,90,77,32,21,20,40]
  
# setting the ranges and no. of intervals
range = (0, 100)
bins = 10  
  
# plotting a histogram
plt.hist(ages, bins, range, color = 'green',
        histtype = 'bar', rwidth = 0.8)
  
# x-axis label
plt.xlabel('age')
# frequency label
plt.ylabel('No. of people')
# plot title
plt.title('My histogram')
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# x-axis values
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
# y-axis values
y = [2,4,5,7,6,8,9,11,12,12]
  
# plotting points as a scatter plot
plt.scatter(x, y, label= "stars", color= "green", 
            marker= "*", s=30)
  
# x-axis label
plt.xlabel('x - axis')
# frequency label
plt.ylabel('y - axis')
# plot title
plt.title('My scatter plot!')
# showing legend
plt.legend()
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
# defining labels
activities = ['eat', 'sleep', 'work', 'play']
  
# portion covered by each label
slices = [3, 7, 8, 6]
  
# color for each label
colors = ['r', 'y', 'g', 'b']
  
# plotting the pie chart
plt.pie(slices, labels = activities, colors=colors, 
        startangle=90, shadow = True, explode = (0, 0, 0.1, 0),
        radius = 1.2, autopct = '%1.1f%%')
  
# plotting legend
plt.legend()
  
# showing the plot
plt.show()

# importing the required modules
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
  
# setting the x - coordinates
x = np.arange(0, 2*(np.pi), 0.1)
# setting the corresponding y - coordinates
y = np.sin(x)
  
# plotting the points
plt.plot(x, y)
  
# function to show the plot
plt.show()