Diferencia entre tipos de datos fundamentales y tipos de datos derivados

En la programación informática, el tipo de datos es una clasificación que especifica al compilador o al intérprete qué tipo de datos pretende utilizar el usuario. 

Hay dos tipos de tipos de datos: 

• Tipo de datos primitivo/fundamental : cada variable en C/C++ tiene un tipo de datos asociado. Cada tipo de datos requiere diferentes cantidades de memoria y tiene algunas operaciones específicas que se pueden realizar sobre él. 
  Ejemplo de tipos de datos fundamentales –

// C++ program to illustrate
// primitive data types
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// main method starts from here
int main()
{
    int a = 2;
   
    float b = 2.0;
   
    double c = 2.0003;
       
    char d = 'D';
   
    cout<<"Integer value is = "<< a
        <<"\nFloat value is = "<< b
        <<"\nDouble value is = "<< c
        <<"\nChar value is = "<< d <<endl;
}
   
// This code has been contributed by cmaggio

// Java program to illustrate
// primitive data types
 
class GFG {
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Integer value
        int a = 2;
 
        // Float value
        float b = 2.0f;
 
        // Double value
        double c = 2.0003;
 
        // Character
        char d = 'D';
 
        System.out.printf("Integer value is = %d", a);
        System.out.printf("\nFloat value is = %f", b);
        System.out.printf("\nDouble value is = %f", c);
        System.out.printf("\nChar value is = %c", d);
    }
}
 
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar

# Python program to illustrate
# primitive data types
 
# Integer value
a = 2
 
# Float value
b = 2.0
 
# Double value
c = 2.0003
 
# Character
d ='D'
print("Integer value is = ", a);
print("\nFloat value is = ", b);
print("\nDouble value is = ", c);
print("\nChar value is = ", d);
     
# This code has been contributed by Code_Mech

// C# program to illustrate
// primitive data types
using System;
 
class GFG {
 
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Integer value
        int a = 2;
 
        // Float value
        float b = 2.0f;
 
        // Double value
        double c = 2.0003;
 
        // Character
        char d = 'D';
 
        Console.WriteLine("Integer value is = " + a);
        Console.WriteLine("\nFloat value is = " + b);
        Console.WriteLine("\nDouble value is = " + c);
        Console.WriteLine("\nChar value is = " + d);
    }
}
 
// This code has been contributed by Code_Mech.

<?php
// PHP program to illustrate
// primitive data types
{
    // Integer value
    $a = 2;
 
    // Float value
    $b = 2.0;
 
    // Double value
    $c = 2.0003;
 
    // Character
    $d = 'D';
 
    echo("Integer value is = ". $a);
    echo("\nFloat value is = ". $b);
    echo("\nDouble value is = ". $c);
    echo("\nChar value is = ". $d);
}
 
 
// This code has been contributed by Code_Mech.

<script>
 
// JavaScript program to illustrate
// primitive data types
 
   // Integer value
        var a = 2;
 
        // Float value
        var b = 2.0;
 
        // Double value
        var c = 2.0003;
 
        // Character
        var d = 'D';
 
        document.write("Integer value is = ", a + "<br>");
        document.write("\nFloat value is = ", b + "<br>");
        document.write("\nDouble value is = ", c + "<br>");
        document.write("\nChar value is = ", d + "<br>");
 
// This code has been contributed by shivanisinghss2110
 
</script>

Integer value is = 2
Float value is = 2.000000
Double value is = 2.000300
Char value is = D

• Tipo de datos derivados: estos tipos de datos son definidos por el propio usuario. Como definir una clase en C++ o una estructura. Estos incluyen arrays , estructuras , clase , unión , enumeración , punteros , etc. 
  Ejemplos de tipos de datos derivados: 
  • Puntero:

// C++ program to illustrate pointer
// as derived data type
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// main method
int main()
{
    // integer variable
    int variable = 10;
 
    // Pointer for storing address
    int* pointr;
 
    // Assigning address of variable to pointer
    pointr = &variable;
    cout << "Value of variable = " <<  variable;
 
    // cout << "\nValue at pointer = "<<  pointr;
    cout << "\nValue at *pointer = "<< *pointr;
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

// C program to illustrate pointer
// as derived data type
#include <stdio.h>
// main method starts from here
int main()
{
    // integer variable
    int variable = 10;
 
    // Pointer for storing address
    int* pointr;
 
    // Assigning address of variable to pointer
    pointr = &variable;
    printf("Value of variable = %d", variable);
 
    // printf("\nValue at pointer = %d", pointr);
    printf("\nValue at *pointer = %d", *pointr);
    return 0;
}

Value of variable = 10
Value at *pointer = 10

• array: 

// C++ program to illustrate array
// derived data type
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// main method starts from here
int main()
{
    // array of size 5
    int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 
    // indexing variable
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        cout << ("%d ", a[i]);
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Code_Mech.

// C program to illustrate array
// derived data type
#include <stdio.h>
// main method starts from here
int main()
{
    // array of size 5
    int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 
    // indexing variable
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        printf("%d  ", a[i]);
    return 0;
}

// Java program to illustrate array
// derived data type
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // array of size 5
        int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 
        // indexing variable
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            System.out.printf("%d ", a[i]);
    }
}
 
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

# Python3 program to illustrate array
# derived data type
 
# Driver code
 
# array of size 5
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 
# indexing variable
for i in range(5):
    print(a[i], end = " ");
 
# This code contributed by mits

// C# program to illustrate array
// derived data type
using System;
 
class GFG {
    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        // array of size 5
        int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 
        // indexing variable
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            Console.Write("{0} ", a[i]);
    }
}
 
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

<?php
// PHP program to illustrate array
// derived data type
 
// Driver code
 
// array of size 5
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
 
// indexing variable
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++)
    print($a[$i] . " ");
 
// This code contributed by mits
?>

<script>
 
// Javascript program to illustrate
// array derived data type
 
// Array of size 5
let a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
 
// Indexing variable
let i;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    document.write(a[i] + " ");
     
// This code is contributed by decode2207
 
</script>

1  2  3  4  5

• Estructuras –

// C++ program to illustrate structure
// derived data type
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// structure
struct structure_example
{
    int integer;
    float decimal;
    char character[20];
};
 
// Main Method
int main()
{
    struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };
    cout << "Structure data -"<< endl;
    cout << "integer = " << s.integer << endl;
    cout << fixed<<setprecision(6)<< "decimal = " << s.decimal << endl;
    cout << "name = " << s.character << endl;
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

// C program to illustrate structure
// derived data type
#include <stdio.h>
// structure
struct structure_example {
    int integer;
    float decimal;
    char character[20];
};
// main method starts from here
void main()
{
    struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };
    printf("Structure data - \n integer = %d \n decimal =
    %f \n name = %s", s.integer, s.decimal, s.character);
}

Structure data - 
 integer = 15 
 decimal = 98.900002 
 name = geeksforgeeks